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Cervical Cancer
Cervical cancer is a common type of
malignancy accounting for about 6% of all cancers found in women. It is a disease in which
cancerous cells develop in the uterine cervix (this is the connecting passage between the
uterus and vagina). The peak incidence of cervical cancer occurs between the ages of 40 to
55. It is rare before the age of 35, however the incidence of cervical cancer in younger
women rose dramatically during the two decades after 1960. Regular Pap smear tests may
detect abnormal changes in the cervical tissues, before cancer develops. Symptoms of
cervical cancer may include vaginal bleeding after intercourse or bleeding between
periods. However, in the early stages of the disease there are often no obvious signs or
symptoms, so regular smear tests are important.
Cancer information.
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Patient's
information for Cervical Cancer (CancerNet) Information about the disease, staging,
and treatment overviews. It is reviewed each month by a panel of medical experts.
CancerLit: Gynecologic
Cancers (National Cancer Institute) On-line abstracts for health professionals. Sorted
by month and year for Cervix, Endometrial, Gestational Trophoblastic, Ovarian, Vaginal,
Vulvar
GYN Net - Pathology site
Includes online database of breast and ceverical lesions (English and French language)
Gynecologic
Oncology (Journal) as part of the IDEAL scheme the journal has free tables of contents
with abstracts for all users and full text PDF files for registered users.
Pathology
Manual: Gynecologic Oncology Group (Virtual Hospital) Editor: Jo Ann Benda, MD. The
site includes pages about histological classification of a wide range of gynecologic
cancers.
Physician's
PDQ statement for Cervical Cancer (CancerNet) A referenced overview of the disease,
cellular classification, staging, and current treatment overviews. It is reviewed each
month by experts at the NCI.
Society of Gynecologic Oncologists
SGO is a non-profit, international organization made up for obstetricians and
gynecologists specializing in gynecologic oncology. The Web site includes details of
research publications, meetings, jobs and a membership directory.
National Cervical Cancer
Coalition (NCCC) (USA) NCCC is a coalition of women's groups, cytotechnologists and
other associations founded in 1996 to promote public education about cervical cancer
screening and treatment. The site includes cancer information, membership details and
links.
When Did You Last
Have a Pap Smear ? (Australia) with information for the public and health
professionals. Includes information about cervical cancer, screening, true stories and
details of the National Cervical Screening Program
It is well established that persistent infection with
the human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated cervical cancer. Large studies have shown
that HPV is present in up to 90% of cervical cancers (Bosch et al, 1995). There are many
types of HPV, the HPV-16 variety is seen in about half of all cases.
A Swedish case-control study (Wallin et al, 1999)
indicates that women with smear tests which are HPV DNA-positive (ie. contain genetic
material from the virus) are at increased risk of developing invasive cervical cancer in
the future. They found that women who developed cervical cancer had the same type of HPV
DNA in smear tests at and prior to diagnosis. This provides further evidence for a causal
association between HPV and cervical cancer. It also indicates that the use of HPV DNA
testing technologies may be a valuable addition to the early detection / prevention of
cervical cancer in the future.
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